These topics are from the Chapters 9-15 in Seeds, for material covered after the second Midterm exam. The midterm will be approximately half on new material, and half on previous material as covered in Midterms 1 and 2. See also the Midterm 1 Review and the Midterm 2 Review.
| stellar nucleosynthesis | open and globular clusters | cosmological principle |
| proton-proton reaction | population I and II | Olber's paradox |
| CNO cycle | metals / metallicity | space-time geometry |
| helium fusion | rotation curve | Euclidean space |
| carbon fusion | velocity dispersion | positive/zero/negative curvature |
| brown dwarf | mass and luminosity of Galaxy | closed/flat/open universe |
| red dwarf | mass-to-light ratio | critical density |
| giants and supergiants | dark matter | "Einstein's greatest blunder" |
| helium flash | microlensing | energy equation for Universe |
| carbon detonation | formation of the Galaxy | age of universe |
| planetary nebula | spiral arms | cosmological constant |
| white dwarf | density waves | temperature and density |
| degenerate matter | central black hole | the "Big Bang" |
| Chandrasekhar limit | Hubble sequence: E-S0-S,SB-Irr | cosmic nucleosynthesis |
| core collapse | spiral, elliptical, irregular | first three minutes |
| neutrinos | barred spiral | 2.7 K microwave background |
| supernova | distance indicators | recombination |
| binary star evolution | Hubble law: v = H d | particle-antiparticle pairs |
| cluster H-R diagram | giant elliptical galaxy | matter/radiation domination |
| accretion disk | the Local Group | electro-weak unification |
| neutron star | clusters and superclusters | grand unification |
| pulsar | the Virgo cluster | graviton |
| black hole | colliding and merging galaxies | Planck mass |
| Schwarzschild radius | walls, filaments and voids | quantum gravity |
| escape velocity | active galactic nuclei | "creation" of space-time |
| gravitational redshift | radio galaxies | causal contact |
| time dilation | lobe, jet and hotspot | horizon problem |
| bending of light | quasar and QSO | flatness problem |
| space-time curvature | supermassive black hole | inflation |
| special and general relativity | relativistic redshift | age problem |
| Milky Way | gravitational lens | Hubble constant H_0 |
| disk, bulge, halo | redshift z, scale factor | unification of 4 forces |
| Cepheid / RR Lyrae variables | expansion of Universe | dark matter problem |
| instability strip | homogeneous / isotropic | fate of Universe |
Useful equations:
| E/m = v^2 - GM/R | v_esc^2 = 2GM/R | R_sw = 2GM/c^2 |
| lambda_obs/lambda_true = 1 + z | R_0/R(z) = 1 + z | T(z) = T_0 ( 1 + z ) |
| rho(z) = rho_0 ( 1 + z )^3 | v = H_0 d | d = cz/H_0 |
| rho_crit = 3H^2/8Pi G | k T = m c^2 | t_0 < 1/H_0 |
The final exam is Friday May 10, 4pm to 6pm, in room A5 of DRL. As usual, bring a calculator.
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Steven T. Myers - Last revised 01May96