From the combination of ground-based radio and millimeter facilities with space-based infrared and UV observatories we now have a wealth of information on the relation between star formation and the interstellar medium (ISM) in the nearest galaxies. This is especially true for few dozen galaxies in the overlap of the THINGS (VLA HI), HERACLES (IRAM 30m CO), SINGS (Spitzer IR), and GALEX NGA (UV) surveys. Using this rich database, I will present our view of the relationship between star formation and the ISM on kiloparsec scales. I will highlight the distinct roles of atomic and molecular gas and explore what drives transition between these phases.