The ookook cover design is by Pat Smiley of the NRAO Graphic Arts Department. It is based on a design suggested by John Bally of Bell Labs.

The image on the title page was converted from the  television-like display to Encapsulated PostScript by the  task TVCPS. It was then included in this TE X  document and plotted on a Hewlett Packard PostScript printer. It is the green portion of the digitized image of a Mandrill which has become a standard in the image-processing field. PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.

The plot in Chapter 4 was generated with TVCPS in a similar manner. The plots at the ends of Chapters 6, 7, 8, and 9 were generated by various  plotting tasks with task LWPLA used to convert the device-independent plot files into PostScript. The data displayed in Chapters 6 and 7 were provided by Bill Cotton for use with the  VLAC test suite and by Alan Bridle for use with the  DDT test suite, while the data in Chapter 8 were provided by Don Wells for use in testing spectral-line software. The color plots in Chapter 6 are of data provided by Greg Taylor and by Gustaaf van Moorsel and Eric Greisen. The editors thank these people for providing their data for our use.

This ookook itself is based on an early users guide written by Alan Bridle. In 1983, it was typeset and edited by Eric Greisen using the TE X program, initially developed by Donald E. Knuth (The TE Xbook, 1984, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Reading, Massachusetts). There were two editions of the ookook in 1983, one in 1985, and one in 1986. The 1990 edition edition was edited by Bill Junor. For recent editions, Eric Greisen has resumed his rôle as editor, while numerous individuals have contributed to the text. In particular, Glen Langston, Andrea Cox, and Lorant Sjouwerman have submitted outline guides to VLA continuum, spectral-line, and high-frequency data reduction which appear as Appendices A. B, and D, respectively. The output of TE X is now converted to PostScript by dvips (from Radical Eye Software) and printed on a Hewlett Packard printer. The editors are grateful to Knuth for this program and, especially, for his decision to place it in the public domain.

This ookook is now available on the Internet via the World-Wide Web. The current Table of Contents together with a revision history for the full 31DEC99 ookook is available at URL

Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
 .1 Additional recipe
1 INTRODUCTION
 1.1 The NRAO Project — A Summary
 1.2 The ookook
 1.3 Organization of the ookook
 1.4 General structure of
 1.5 Additional recipe
2 STARTING UP
 2.1 Obtaining access to an computer
 2.2 Using the workstation
 2.3 Managing windows
 2.4 Additional recipes
3 BASIC UTILITIES
 3.1 Talking to
 3.2 Your message file
 3.3 Your data catalog files
 3.4 Your history files
 3.5 Saving and restoring inputs
 3.6 Monitoring disk space
 3.7 Moving and compressing files
 3.8 Finding helpful information in
 3.9 Magnetic tapes
 3.10 external disk files
 3.11 Additional recipes
4 CALIBRATING INTERFEROMETER DATA
 4.1 Copying data into multi-source disk files
 4.2 Record keeping and data management
 4.3 Beginning the calibration
 4.4 Assessing the data quality and initial editing
 4.5 Antenna-based complex gain solutions
 4.6 Polarization calibration
 4.7 Spectral-line calibration
 4.8 Solar data calibration
 4.9 Completing the initial calibration
 4.10 Additional recipes
5 MAKING IMAGES FROM INTERFEROMETER DATA
 5.1 Preparing uv data for imaging
 5.2 Basic image making — IMAGR
 5.3 Deconvolving images
 5.4 Self-calibration
 5.5 More editing of uv data
 5.6 Additional recipe
6 DISPLAYING YOUR DATA
 6.1 Getting data into your catalog
 6.2 Printer displays of your data
 6.3 Plotting your data
 6.4 Interactive TV displays of your data
 6.5 Graphics displays of your data
 6.6 Additional recipe and color plots
7 ANALYZING IMAGES
 7.1 Combining two images (COMB)
 7.2 Combining more than two images (SUMIM and SPIXR)
 7.3 Image statistics and flux integration
 7.4 Blanking of images
 7.5 Fitting of images
 7.6 Image analysis
 7.7 Additional recipes
8 SPECTRAL-LINE SOFTWARE
 8.1 Data preparation and assessment
 8.2 Editing and self-calibration
 8.3 Continuum subtraction
 8.4 Imaging
 8.5 Display and manipulation of data cubes
 8.6 Analysis
 8.7 Additional recipes
9 REDUCING VLBI DATA IN
 9.1 VLBI data calibration recipe
 9.2 Loading and inspecting data
 9.3 Tools for data examination
 9.4 Calibration strategy
 9.5 After initial calibration
 9.6 Self-calibration, imaging, and model-fitting
 9.7 Summary of VLBI calibration tables
 9.8 Additional recipe
10 SINGLE-DISH DATA IN
 10.1 format for single-dish data
 10.2 Single-dish data in the “uv” domain
 10.3 Imaging single-dish data in
 10.4 Analysis and display of single-dish data
 10.5 Combining single-dish and interferometer data
11 EXITING FROM, AND SOLVING PROBLEMS IN,
 11.1 Helping the programmers
 11.2 Exiting from
 11.3 Solving problems in using
 11.4 Additional recipe
12 FOR THE MORE SOPHISTICATED USER
 12.1 conventions
 12.2 Process control features of
 12.3 AIPS language
 12.4 Remote use of
 12.5 Moving data to a new computer
 12.6 Adding your own tasks to
13 CURRENT SOFTWARE
 13.1 ADVERB
 13.2 ANALYSIS
 13.3 AP
 13.4 ASTROMET
 13.5 BATCH
 13.6 CALIBRAT
 13.7 CATALOG
 13.8 COORDINA
 13.9 EDITING
 13.10 EXT-APPL
 13.11 FITS
 13.12 GENERAL
 13.13 HARDCOPY
 13.14 IMAGE-UT
 13.15 IMAGE
 13.16 IMAGING
 13.17 INFORMAT
 13.18 INTERACT
 13.19 MODELING
 13.20 OBSOLETE
 13.21 ONED
 13.22 OOP
 13.23 OPTICAL
 13.24 PARAFORM
 13.25 PLOT
 13.26 POLARIZA
 13.27 POPS
 13.28 PROCEDUR
 13.29 PSEUDOVE
 13.30 RUN
 13.31 SINGLEDI
 13.32 SPECTRAL
 13.33 TABLE
 13.34 TAPE
 13.35 TASK
 13.36 TV
 13.37 TV-APPL
 13.38 UTILITY
 13.39 UV
 13.40 VERB
 13.41 VLA
 13.42 VLBI
 13.43 Additional recipes
A EASY CONTINUUM UV-DATA CALIBRATION AND IMAGING
 A.1 VLARUN
 A.2 Basic calibration
 A.3 Polarization calibration
 A.4 Backup and imaging
 A.5 Additional recipes
B A STEP-BY-STEP GUIDE TO SPECTRAL-LINE DATA ANALYSIS IN
 B.1 Editing and calibrating spectral-line data
 B.2 Making and Cleaning image cubes
 B.3 Moment analysis and rotation curve of galaxies
 B.4 Multi-frequency observations
 B.5 Additional recipes
C A Step-by-Step Recipe for VLBA Data Calibration in
 C.1 Table Philosophy
 C.2 Data set assumed in this Appendix
 C.3 VLBA Utilities
 C.4 Data Loading and Inspection
 C.5 Amplitude Calibration
 C.6 Delay, Rate, and Phase Calibration
 C.7 Final Calibration Steps
 C.8 Incorporating non-VLBA antennas
 C.9 Some Useful References
 C.10 Additional recipes
D HINTS FOR REDUCING HIGH-FREQUENCY VLA DATA IN
 D.1 Additional recipes
F FILE SIZES
 F.1 Visibility (uv) data sets
 F.2 Image files
 F.3 Extension files
 F.4 Storing data on tape
 F.5 Very large data sets
 F.6 Additional recipes
Z SYSTEM-DEPENDENT TIPS
 Z.1 NRAO workstations — general information
 Z.2 at the NRAO in Charlottesville
 Z.3 at the NRAO AOC in Socorro
 Z.4 at the NRAO Very Large Array site
 Z.5 Additional recipes
G GLOSSARY
I INDEX